BACKGROUND Stroke survivors do not have routine access to objective feedback on their movement performance. OBJECTIVE To devise visual representation of objective measures of movement performance that are understandable by and meaningful to stroke survivors. DESIGN Co-production through interviews and generative discussion. PARTICIPANTS Eight people, mean age 65 years, who were at least one year after stroke with low, medium or high functional ability. All provided informed consent. DATA COLLECTION Participants performed standardised upper and lower limb functional tasks. Their movement was measured using the Vicon motion analysis system and surface electromyography. Participants returned six months later when they were shown anonymised visual representations of the movement tasks. Nobody saw their own data. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ver155008.html Visual representations were provided of people with low, medium and high functional ability. A generative discussion elicited participants' views on how the measures should be presented visually to maximise understandability and meaningfulness. FINDINGS Participants' understanding of the visual presentation of movement analysis was enhanced with the addition of everyday symbols such as a stick-figure and a brief explanation from a physiotherapist/researcher. Meaningfulness was seen in terms of motivation to participate in and ownership of their rehabilitation. IMPLICATIONS These findings justify further development of objective measures of movement performance for use in routine clinical practice. BACKGROUND People with persistent pain from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities experience significant health inequities. OBJECTIVE To synthesise the sociocultural factors influencing pain management between CALD patients with persistent pain and physiotherapists treating CALD patients. DATA SOURCES Major electronic databases MEDLINE, AMED, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Google Scholar were searched until July 2018. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they explored clinical interactions between physiotherapists and patients with persistent pain from diverse ethnocultural backgrounds. STUDY APPRAISAL The methodological quality of qualitative and quantitative studies were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklist and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) respectively. SYNTHESIS METHOD A thematic synthesis approach was used to extract the common themes. RESULTS Sixteen articles from 16 studies were included. Eleven studies were qualitative and five studies were quantitative. Ten explored patients' perspectives, four explored physiotherapists' perspectives, and two explored both. Key factors included (a) language competence; (b) active vs passive coping strategies; (c) gendered influences; (d) cultural-spiritual beliefs, illness perceptions and expression of pain; (e) treatment satisfaction and; (f) barriers to access. CONCLUSION Discordant perspectives on causation, pain management approaches, and patient autonomy in management are evident between CALD patients and physiotherapists. Such discordance potentially create stress in the therapeutic alliance and undermines the efficacy of pain management interventions. To mitigate such barriers, it is crucial to foster cultural competence in physiotherapy and equip physiotherapists with opportunities to maximise their sociocultural awareness, knowledge and skill practising physiotherapy in cultural plural societies. OBJECTIVES Conduct an elicitation study, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour framework, to identify salient beliefs about exercise participation in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Specifically, identify attitudes on advantages and disadvantages of exercise (behavioural beliefs); individuals and groups who apply social pressure to exercise (normative beliefs); and perceived control over facilitators and barriers to exercise (control beliefs) for adults with CF. DESIGN Qualitative interviews using open-ended, structured questions. SETTING Adult CF clinic in a large Australian hospital. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen adults with CF, three relatives/friends of adults with CF and six CF clinic staff. RESULTS The most common positive attitudes about exercise were to keep fit and healthy (68%) and feel better and happier (60%), and negative attitude was to feel breathless (36%). Social pressure to exercise mainly came from parents/family (72%) and friends (52%), and 60% of participants reported that no-one discourages exercise. Having someone to exercise with (44%) and be encouraged (36%) were the most common facilitators of perceived control to exercise, whereas being unwell (96%) and not having sufficient time (56%) were the most common barriers. CONCLUSIONS Attitudes, social pressure and perceived control to exercise for adults with CF were similar to beliefs previously reported by the general population and some patient groups. A number of CF-specific exercise beliefs, mainly related to pulmonary function, were also reported. These findings can help develop questionnaires for larger groups of adults with CF, interpret relationships between exercise beliefs and participation, and inform clinicians to target interventions to increase exercise participation. OBJECTIVES To determine the minimal important difference (MID) for the London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), focusing on the percentage of the total score (LCADL%total), using an anchor-based method in addition to distribution-based methods. DESIGN Non-controlled before-and-after study. SETTING Two outpatient centres. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-seven patients with COPD (GOLD II-IV, 47 males, forced expiratory volume in 1second mean 37 (SD 14) % predicted). INTERVENTIONS Aerobic training and localised training for upper and lower limbs was conducted for 24 sessions, three times per week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was LCADL score pre- and post-exercise training. The MID was established using distribution and anchor-based methods. The modified Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire was the anchor for the analysis of sensitivity and specificity of the MID. RESULTS The established MIDs ranged from -2.1 to -5.9 points for LCADLtotal and from -2 to -6 points for LCADL%total.